Kuʻuna o ke Kālā Hoʻokūkū Koa

Nā Aʻa Kahiko a me nā Kūlana Mua

Ua hoʻi ka manaʻo o nā ʻāpana hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā kahikoRoma Kahiko, kahi i uku ʻia ai nā koa me nā ʻāpana kālā i hana kūikawā ʻia no ka lawelawe kūikawā. Pēlā nō,Nā koa kaua ʻEulopa o ke kenekulia 17ua lawe ʻia nā "mekala kiʻi" ma ke ʻano he hōʻike o ka hana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kuʻuna o ka ʻāpana kālā hoʻokūkū hou e hahai pololei ana i kona moʻokūʻauhau iKe Kaua Honua Mua.

WWI: Ka Hānau ʻana o kahi Moʻolelo

ʻO ka moʻolelo kumu i ʻae nui ʻia e pili anaNā pailota manawaleʻa ʻAmelika(1917–1918):

• •Ua loaʻa i kekahi lūtena waiwainā kālā ʻāpana keleawei hana ʻia no kāna squadron

• •Hoʻokahi pailota, i pana ʻia i lalo ma hope o nā laina ʻenemi, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kāna kālā ee hōʻoia i kona ʻanoi nā pūʻali koa Farani

• •Ua alakaʻi kēia i ke kuʻuna o"nā hōʻoia kālā"e hōʻoia i ka lālā o ka ʻāpana

WWII a i Vietnam: Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke Kuʻuna

• •Nā mea hana OSS(mua o CIA) nā kālā i hoʻohana ʻia noʻike huna

• •Nā Pūʻali Koa Kūikawā o ka wā Vietnamhoʻonui i ka hana:

  • Nā ʻāpana kālānā hōʻailona o ka ʻāpana a me nā ʻōlelo huna

  • Ua lilo ka hana "hoʻokūkū" (kūʻai ʻana i nā mea inu inā ʻaʻohe kālā) i mea laha

Ka Hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūʻali Koa Hou (1980s–I kēia manawa)

• •Hoʻomaopopo Kūhelu o ka DoDUa hoʻokumu ka Pentagon i nā makana kālā i nā makahiki 1990

• •Nā Hōʻailona ʻĀpana Elite: Nā ʻāpana kālā hoʻolālā Navy SEALs/Army Rangers me:

  • Nā kiʻi pohihihi(e laʻa me nā iwi poʻo, nā mahiole Spartan)

  • Nā kuhikuhi misionari i hoʻolaha ʻia

• •Nā Hoʻohana ʻAʻole Kaua:

  • Nā makana a ka Pelekikena (nā ʻāpana kālā o ka Hale Paʻa)

  • Hōʻoia palekana ʻoihana

Ka piʻi ʻana o ka mākeke hōʻiliʻili

• •Ke kālepa ʻia nei nā kālā laha ʻole no$500–$5,000

• •Nā Laʻana Waiwai Loa:

  • 1944 OSS Jedburgh Team Coin ($12,000 moʻolelo kūkala)

  • 9/11 Pentagon Survivor Coin